Syrian President Ahmed al-Sharaa on Monday pledged to work with Germany to enable more Syrians to return home and rebuild their country after its devastating civil war, as he made a historic visit to Berlin.
Europe’s top economy is home to the largest Syrian diaspora in the European Union at more than a million, many of whom arrived during the peak of the migrant influx in 2015-2016.
After meeting Chancellor Friedrich Merz, Sharaa said that “we are working with our friends in the German government to establish a ‘circular’ migration model”.
This would “enable Syrians to contribute to the reconstruction of their homeland without giving up the stability and lives they have built here, for those who wish to stay”, he said.
Merz, who has made a tougher immigration policy a priority since taking office last year, also said he and Sharaa were “working jointly towards more Syrians being able to return to their homeland”.
Sharaa, 43, a former Islamist rebel leader, was speaking on his first trip to Germany since ousting his country’s longtime strongman Bashar al-Assad in late 2024.
He has managed to build relations with Western governments and made several overseas trips, including to the United States, France and Russia.
As a result, many international sanctions on Syria have been lifted to help the country rebuild after a bloody 14-year civil war.
– ‘Wealth of human resources’ –
Earlier, Sharaa told a foreign ministry forum in Berlin that Syria had experienced a “huge amount of destruction” during its long conflict, saying that Syrians “want to catch up with the rest of the world” as Germany did after World War II.
He pointed to investment opportunities in Syria’s energy, transport and tourism sectors, describing his homeland as very diverse and with “a great wealth of human resources”.
Merz said Germany wanted to “support” reconstruction in Syria as it struggles to rebuild after a long and bloody civil war, adding that a German government delegation would travel to the Middle Eastern country in the next few days.
However, Merz also said that he had stressed to Sharaa in their meeting “that many joint projects in the future will depend on our finding a state governed by the rule of law”.
Rights campaigners have criticised Sharaa’s Germany visit, pointing to his Islamist past and ongoing violence and instability in Syria.
Protesters gathered in front of the foreign ministry on Monday waving Kurdish flags and placards, highlighting Sharaa’s time as an Islamist militant.
Near the chancellery, dozens of Syrians also turned out to welcome Sharaa, waving Syria’s new revolutionary flag and a banner showing the president surrounded by hearts.
The German Green party’s foreign affairs spokeswoman Luise Amtsberg told AFP Germany should not engage in a “premature normalisation” with Sharaa’s government.
Merz had reduced Syria policy to the question of returns “and is ignoring the situation on the ground”, she said.
– ‘Authoritarian tendencies’ –
Since Sharaa has been in power, sectarian tensions have continued to cause repeated bloodshed in Syria, while the Islamic State group remains at large.
After Assad’s overthrow, Israel moved its forces into the UN-patrolled demilitarised zone on the Israeli-annexed Golan Heights, and has carried out hundreds of strikes in Syria as well as regular incursions.
Sharaa was initially planning to visit Germany in January, but the trip was postponed as he sought to end fighting between government troops and the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces in his country’s north.
KGD, a group that represents the Kurdish community in Germany, has said that Sharaa “bears responsibility for numerous human rights violations, war crimes and crimes against humanity”.
Sophie Bischoff, president of the German-Syrian NGO Adopt A Revolution, told reporters that any support from the German government “must be linked to clear conditions” and warned that “authoritarian tendencies are on the rise again in Syria”.
