Neighbouring countries across the Middle East are closely watching the developments in Iran, where a deadly government crackdown on protesters has drawn warnings of potential intervention from the United States. The reactions from key regional actors highlight the complex dynamics and potential for wider instability.
Israel’s Stance
Israel, a long-standing adversary of Iran, has voiced support for the protesters and expressed hope for regime change, though it has not suggested any direct intervention. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu stated on Sunday that he hoped Iran would be freed from the “yoke of tyranny,” adding that “the people of Israel and the entire world are in awe of the tremendous courage of Iran’s citizens.”
Foreign Minister Gideon Saar also expressed support for the demonstrators. Following a war in June that involved significant Israeli attacks on Iranian military and nuclear sites, an Israeli military official confirmed on Sunday that the army is “preparing defensively” and would “be equipped to respond with power if need be.” However, military spokesman Effie Defrin described the protests as an “internal matter” for Iran. Tehran has repeatedly accused both the United States and Israel of inciting the unrest.
Gulf States Urge De-escalation
US ally Saudi Arabia, which restored diplomatic relations with Iran in a 2023 deal brokered by China, has shifted its policy from its previously hawkish stance. According to a report in the Wall Street Journal, Riyadh, along with Oman and Qatar, has lobbied the Trump administration to avoid military strikes on Iran. Saudi analyst Hesham Alghannam noted that “the complete collapse of the regime could unleash chaos, causing more harm than good.”
The United Arab Emirates, which has also pursued détente with Iran in recent years, remains focused on maintaining its status as a stable economic hub. Meanwhile, Qatar, which mediates between the US and Iran, warned on Tuesday through its foreign ministry spokesman, Majed al-Ansari, that any escalation would have “catastrophic results” for the region. The warning comes after Iran targeted the al-Udeid base in Qatar, the largest US base in the Middle East, during the conflict in June.
Iraq’s Position
In Iraq, which shares a long border with Iran and hosts US troops, there is a strong reluctance to become involved. Political analyst Hamzeh Hadad told AFP, “Iraq has too much at stake to lose and is not strong enough to make any difference if it were to get involved.”
Hadad explained that in the event of a direct US-Iran conflict, “Iraq would be one of the closest targets for the Iranians.” He added that pro-Iran factions in Iraq are not in a position to assist the Iranian government, noting that previous attacks on US forces were halted by heavy American counter-strikes. According to Hadad, “Iraq’s only strength is diplomacy, it can speak with both the Iranians and Americans.”
